Au sens de la théorie des situations didactiques (TSD)
(1) "Les connaissances sont les moyens transmissibles (par imitation, initiation, communication, etc.), mais non nécessairement explicitables, de contrôler une situation, et d'y obtenir un certain résultat conformément à une attente et à une exigence sociale." (Brousseau et Centeno 1991 note 10 p.176 [pdf])Au sens de la théorie anthropologique du didactique (TAD)
(2) "Connaître un objet O, au sens de la théorie [anthropologique du didactique] (et non au sens des diverses institutions qu'elle doit nous permettre d'étudier), c'est -- pour une personne comme pour une institution -- avoir un rapport à O. [...] Un objet n'existe que parce qu'il est objet de connaissance." (Chevallard 1992 p.87)• English :
(1) Connaissance
According to the Theory of didactical situations (TSD)
"Connaissances are the traces of some relationship between a subject or a population and some object (material object, living being, entity, idea, etc.). Savoirs are the connaissances accepted as references by a subject of by a population. Different individuals or populations share certain connaissances and accept certain common references but diverge on others, sometimes without knowing it." (Brousseau et al. 2014 p.197)
(1) Acquaintance
According to the anthropological approach of didactic (TAD)
"In agreement with the author, the translator of this text has rendered the French distinction between 'connaissance' and 'savoir' (both normally translated by 'knowledge') thus: connaissance = acquaintance; savoir = knowledge."
"I add here another notion: acquaintance. To be acquainted with an object O, in the sense of the theory presented (and not in the sense of the various institutions it should allow us to study), is, for a person as for an institution -- to relate to O. Person X (or institution I) is acquainted with O if R(X, O) (respectively, RI(O)) exists. I can then be said that an object exists if it is known by at least one person of one institution (it may, moreover, exist -- a limited case -- only for this person or this institution). An object exists only because it is an object of acquaintance." (Chevallard 1992 p.143)
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